Results for 'J. Bullot Nicolas'

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  1.  65
    The artful mind meets art history: Toward a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation.Nicolas J. Bullot & Rolf Reber - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (2):123-137.
    Research seeking a scientific foundation for the theory of art appreciation has raised controversies at the intersection of the social and cognitive sciences. Though equally relevant to a scientific inquiry into art appreciation, psychological and historical approaches to art developed independently and lack a common core of theoretical principles. Historicists argue that psychological and brain sciences ignore the fact that artworks are artifacts produced and appreciated in the context of unique historical situations and artistic intentions. After revealing flaws in the (...)
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  2.  81
    Toward a theory of the empirical tracking of individuals: Cognitive flexibility and the functions of attention in integrated tracking.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2009 - Philosophical Psychology 22 (3):353-387.
    How do humans manage to keep track of a gradually changing object or person as the same persisting individual despite the fact that the extraction of information about this individual must often rely on heterogeneous information sources and heterogeneous tracking methods? The article introduces the Empirical Tracking of Individuals theory to address this problem. This theory proposes an analysis of the concept of integrated tracking, which refers to the capacity to acquire, store, and update information about the identity and location (...)
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  3.  25
    The principle of ontological commitment in pre- and postmortem multiple agent tracking.J. Bullot Nicolas - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (5):468.
  4.  43
    A psycho-historical research program for the integrative science of art.Nicolas J. Bullot & Rolf Reber - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (2):163-180.
    Critics of the target article objected to our account of art appreciators' sensitivity to art-historical contexts and functions, the relations among the modes of artistic appreciation, and the weaknesses of aesthetic science. To rebut these objections and justify our program, we argue that the current neglect of sensitivity to art-historical contexts persists as a result of a pervasive aesthetic–artistic confound; we further specify our claim that basic exposure and the design stance are necessary conditions of artistic understanding; and we explain (...)
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  5.  63
    Explaining Person Identification: An Inquiry Into the Tracking of Human Agents.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (4):567-584.
    To introduce the issue of the tracking and identification of human agents, I examine the ability of an agent to track a human person and distinguish this target from other individuals: The ability to perform person identification. First, I discuss influential mechanistic models of the perceptual recognition of human faces and people. Such models propose detailed hypotheses about the parts and activities of the mental mechanisms that control the perceptual recognition of persons. However, models based on perceptual recognition are incomplete (...)
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  6. Material Anamnesis and the Prompting of Aesthetic Worlds.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2009 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 16 (1):85-109.
    Many scholars view artworks as the products of cultural history and arbitrary institutional conventions. Others construe art as the result of psychological mechanisms internal to the organism. These historical and psychological approaches are often viewed as foes rather than friends. Is it possible to combine these two approaches in a unified analysis of the perception and consciousness of artworks? I defend a positive answer to this question and propose a psycho-historical theory, which argues that artworks are historical and material artefacts (...)
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  7.  61
    Agent tracking: a psycho-historical theory of the identification of living and social agents.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2015 - Biology and Philosophy 30 (3):359-382.
    To explain agent-identification behaviours, universalist theories in the biological and cognitive sciences have posited mental mechanisms thought to be universal to all humans, such as agent detection and face recognition mechanisms. These universalist theories have paid little attention to how particular sociocultural or historical contexts interact with the psychobiological processes of agent-identification. In contrast to universalist theories, contextualist theories appeal to particular historical and sociocultural contexts for explaining agent-identification. Contextualist theories tend to adopt idiographic methods aimed at recording the heterogeneity (...)
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  8. The principle of ontological commitment in pre- and postmortem multiple agent tracking.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (5):466-468.
    This commentary suggests that understanding the “Folk Psychology of Souls” requires studying a problem articulating ontology with psychology: How do human beings, both as perceivers and thinkers, track and refer to (1) living and dead intentional agents and (2) supernatural agents? The problem is discussed in the light of the principle of the ontological commitment in agent tracking.
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  9.  93
    Art and Science: A Philosophical Sketch of Their Historical Complexity and Codependence.Nicolas J. Bullot, William P. Seeley & Stephen Davies - 2017 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 75 (4):453-463.
    To analyze the relations between art and science, philosophers and historians have developed different lines of inquiry. A first type of inquiry considers how artistic and scientific practices have interacted over human history. Another project aims to determine the contributions that scientific research can make to our understanding of art, including the contributions that cognitive science can make to philosophical questions about the nature of art. We rely on contributions made to these projects in order to demonstrate that art and (...)
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  10.  42
    Artistic misunderstandings: The emotional significance of historical learning in the arts.Nicolas J. Bullot & Rolf Reber - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
  11. Keeping track of objects while exploring a spatial layout with partial cues: Location-based and deictic direction-based strategies.Nicolas J. Bullot & Jacques Droulez - unknown
    Last year at VSS, Bullot, Droulez & Pylyshyn reported studies using a Modified Traveling Salesman Paradigm in which a virtual vehicle had to visit up to 10 targets once and only once, and in which the invisible targets were identified only by line segments pointing from the vehicle toward each target. We hypothesized that subjects used two distinct strategies: A “location-based strategy”, which kept track of where targets were located in screen coordinates, and a “segment-based strategy” that kept track (...)
     
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  12.  37
    Context-dependent and epistemic uses of attention for perceptual-demonstrative identification.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2001 - In P. Bouquet V. Akman (ed.), Modeling and Using Context. Springer. pp. 69--82.
    Object identification via a perceptual-demonstrative mode of presentation has been studied in cognitive science as a particularly direct and context-dependent means of identifying objects. Several recent works in cognitive science have attempted to clarify the relation between attention, demonstrative identification and context exploration. Assuming a distinction between ‘ demonstrative reference' and ‘perceptual-demonstrative identification', this article aims at specifying the role of attention in the latter and in the linking of conceptual and non conceptual contents while exploring a spatial context. First, (...)
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  13.  29
    Empathy, honour, and the apprenticeship of violence: rudiments of a psychohistorical critique of the individualistic science of evil.Nicolas J. Bullot - 2020 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 19 (4):821-845.
    Research seeking to explain the perpetration of violence and atrocities by humans against other humans offers both social and individualistic explanations, which differ namely in the roles attributed to empathy. Prominent social models suggest that some manifestations of inter-human violence are caused by parochial attitudes and obedience reinforced by within-group empathy. Individualistic explanations of violence, by contrast, posit that stable intra-individual characteristics of the brain and personality of some individuals lead them to commit violence and atrocities. An individualistic explanation argues (...)
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  14. Keeping track of objects while exploring an informationally impoverished environment: Local deictic versus global spatial strategies.Nicolas J. Bullot, Jacques Droulez & Zenon W. Pylyshyn - unknown
    This study investigates a new experimental paradigm called the Modified Traveling Salesman Problem. This task requires subjects to visit once and only once n invisible targets in a 2D display, using a virtual vehicle controlled by the subject. Subjects can only see the directions of the targets from the current location of the vehicle, displayed by a set of oriented segments that can be viewed inside a circular window surrounding the vehicle. Two conditions were compared. In the “allocentric” condition, subjects (...)
     
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  15. Objects and aesthetic attention.Nicolas J. Bullot - unknown
    This article puts forward an hypothesis on the aesthetic use of attention. Some artistic situations favour such a use of attention and may contribute to the conscious access to cognitive and emotional contents and effects, as well as to their discussion in the public sphere.
     
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  16. The direct relational model of object perception.Nicolas J. Bullot - unknown
    This text aims at presenting a general characterization of the act of perceiving a particular object, in a framework in which perception is conceived of as a mental and cognitive faculty having specific functions that other faculties such as imagination and memory do not possess. I introduce the problem of determining the occurrence of singular perception of a physical object, as opposed to the occurrence of other mental states or attitudes. I propose that clarifying this occurrence problem requires making explicit (...)
     
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  17.  89
    Editorial: Objects and Sound Perception. [REVIEW]Nicolas J. Bullot & Paul Égré - 2010 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1 (1):5-17.
    Editorial: Objects and Sound Perception Content Type Journal Article Pages 5-17 DOI 10.1007/s13164-009-0006-3 Authors Nicolas J. Bullot, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Centre de Recherches sur les Arts et le Langage (CRAL/CNRS) 96 Bd Raspail 75006 Paris France Paul Égré, Institut Jean-Nicod (ENS/EHESS/CNRS) Département d’Etudes Cognitives de l’ENS 29 rue d’Ulm 75005 Paris France Journal Review of Philosophy and Psychology Online ISSN 1878-5166 Print ISSN 1878-5158 Journal Volume Volume 1 Journal Issue Volume 1, Number 1.
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  18.  60
    Keeping Track: The Tracking and Identification of Human Agents.Anina N. Rich & Nicolas J. Bullot - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (4):560-566.
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  19.  21
    The psychological basis of music appreciation: Structure, self, source.William Forde Thompson, Nicolas J. Bullot & Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (1):260-284.
  20.  95
    Attention, information and epistemic perception.Nicolas Bullot - 2013
    (in press, under contract with MIT Press, accepted on June 30th, 2006). Attention, Information and Epistemic Perception. In Terzis, G. & Arp, R. (Eds) Information and the Living Systems: Essays in the Philosophy of Biology. The MIT Press. (14,000 words).
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  21. A study in the cognition of individuals' identity: Solving the problem of singular cognition in object and agent tracking.Nicolas Bullot - 2007 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (2):276-293.
    This article compares the ability to track individuals lacking mental states with the ability to track intentional agents. It explains why reference to individuals raises the problem of explaining how cognitive agents track unique individuals and in what sense reference is based on procedures of perceptual-motor and epistemic tracking. We suggest applying the notion of singular-files from theories in perception and semantics to the problem of tracking intentional agents. In order to elucidate the nature of agent-files, three views of the (...)
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  22.  55
    Keeping Track of Invisible Individuals While Exploring a Spatial Layout with Partial Cues: Location-based and Deictic Direction-based Strategies.Nicolas Bullot - 2008 - Philosophical Psychology 21 (1):15-46.
    In contrast to Constructivist Views, which construe perceptual cognition as an essentially reconstructive process, this article recommends the Deictic View, which grounds perception in perceptual-demonstrative reference and the use of deictic tracking strategies for acquiring and updating knowledge about individuals. The view raises the problem of how sensory-motor tracking connects to epistemic and integrated forms of tracking. To study the strategies used to solve this problem, we report a study of the ability to track distal individuals when only their directions (...)
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  23. How do children infer intentions from tracking individuals?Nicolas Bullot & A. Hohenberger - manuscript
    A developmental account grounded in mental files. European Society for Philosophy and Psychology. [PDF] [Peer reviewed].
     
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  24. La souffrance de Dieu?Nicolas J.-H. - 1978 - Nova et Vetera 53 (1):56-64.
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  25. Le Saint Esprit est donné à l'Eglise et à chacun dans l'Eglise.Nicolas J.-H. - 1976 - Nova et Vetera 51 (3):188-209.
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  26.  24
    From modeling to morals: Imagining the future of hiv prep in lesotho.Nora J. Kenworthy & Nicola Bulled - 2013 - Developing World Bioethics 13 (2):70-78.
    Amidst growing global endorsements of new biomedical HIV prevention strategies, ARV-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (ARV PrEP) has garnered considerable attention as a potentially promising prevention strategy. Though it may offer more effective protection for certain at-risk groups than conventional prevention strategies (such as sexual partner reduction, condom use, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission), PrEP is more costly. PrEP requires more ongoing contact between individuals and providers, and a level of surveillance from the health system that is not necessary with other preventive (...)
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  27.  48
    How to create a human communication system.Casey J. Lister & Nicolas Fay - 2017 - Interaction Studies 18 (3):314-329.
    Following a synthesis of naturalistic and experimental studies of language creation, we propose a theoretical model that describes the process through which human communication systems might arise and evolve. Three key processes are proposed that give rise to effective, efficient and shared human communication systems: motivated signs that directly resemble their meaning facilitate cognitive alignment, improving communication success; behavioral alignment onto an inventory of shared sign-to-meaning mappings bolsters cognitive alignment between interacting partners; sign refinement, through interactive feedback, enhances the efficiency (...)
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  28.  69
    Imaginative scrub-jays, causal rooks, and a liberal application of occam's aftershave.Nathan J. Emery & Nicola S. Clayton - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (2):134-135.
    We address the claim that nonhuman animals do not represent unobservable states, based on studies of physical cognition by rooks and social cognition by scrub-jays. In both cases, the most parsimonious explanation for the results is counter to the reinterpretation hypothesis. We suggest that imagination and prospection can be investigated in animals and included in models of cognitive architecture.
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  29. A Commentary on Eugene Thacker’s "Cosmic Pessimism".Gary J. Shipley & Nicola Masciandaro - 2012 - Continent 2 (2):76-81.
    continent. 2.2 (2012): 76–81 Comments on Eugene Thacker’s “Cosmic Pessimism” Nicola Masciandaro Anything you look forward to will destroy you, as it already has. —Vernon Howard In pessimism, the first axiom is a long, low, funereal sigh. The cosmicity of the sigh resides in its profound negative singularity. Moving via endless auto-releasement, it achieves the remote. “ Oltre la spera che piú larga gira / passa ’l sospiro ch’esce del mio core ” [Beyond the sphere that circles widest / penetrates (...)
     
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  30.  7
    Complex continued fractions: early work of the brothers Adolf and Julius Hurwitz.Jörn J. Steuding & Nicola M. R. Oswald - 2014 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68 (4):499-528.
    The two brothers Julius and Adolf Hurwitz were born in the middle of the nineteenth century in a small town near Hanover (not far from Göttingen). Already during their schooldays, the two of them became acquainted with mathematical problems and both started to study mathematics, but while the younger brother Adolf turned out to be extremely successful in his research, the elder brother and his work seem to be almost forgotten. This paper examines the lives and works of the two (...)
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  31.  11
    Le Commerce en Égypte ancienneLe Commerce en Egypte ancienne.Ronald J. Leprohon, Nicolas Grimal & Bernadette Menu - 2000 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4):661.
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  32.  15
    Neural Processes Underlying Tool Use in Humans, Macaques, and Corvids.María J. Cabrera-Álvarez & Nicola S. Clayton - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  33.  7
    From modeling to morals: Imagining the future of HIV PREP in L esotho.Nicola Bulled Nora J. Kenworthy - 2013 - Developing World Bioethics 13 (2):70-78.
    Amidst growing global endorsements of new biomedical HIV prevention strategies, ARV‐based pre‐exposure prophylaxis (ARV PrEP) has garnered considerable attention as a potentially promising prevention strategy. Though it may offer more effective protection for certain at‐risk groups than conventional prevention strategies (such as sexual partner reduction, condom use, and prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission), PrEP is more costly. PrEP requires more ongoing contact between individuals and providers, and a level of surveillance from the health system that is not necessary with other preventive (...)
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  34.  51
    Snake venom: From fieldwork to the clinic.Freek J. Vonk, Kate Jackson, Robin Doley, Frank Madaras, Peter J. Mirtschin & Nicolas Vidal - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (4):269-279.
    Snake venoms are recognized here as a grossly under‐explored resource in pharmacological prospecting. Discoveries in snake systematics demonstrate that former taxonomic bias in research has led to the neglect of thousands of species of potential medical use. Recent discoveries reveal an unexpectedly vast degree of variation in venom composition among snakes, from different species down to litter mates. The molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity are only beginning to be understood. However, the enormous potential that this resource represents for pharmacological prospecting (...)
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  35.  16
    Perceptual addition of continuous magnitudes in an ‘artificial algebra’.Nicola J. Morton, Cameron Hooson-Smith, Kate Stuart, Simon Kemp & Randolph C. Grace - 2024 - Cognition 244 (C):105710.
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  36. Becoming Feminist Activists: Comparing Narratives.Kristin McGuire, Abigail J. Stewart & Nicola Curtin - 2010 - Feminist Studies 36 (1):99-125.
  37.  24
    Viewing Spontaneity Ethnomethodologically.Nicolas J. Zaunbrecher - 2018 - Human Studies 41 (1):1-20.
    In this article, I identify “spontaneity” as a significant but poorly-analyzed term in social theory and description through an overview of tensions between varying technical accounts of spontaneity in research literature. In contrast to conceptually-slippery “realist” accounts of spontaneity, I argue for viewing spontaneity ethnomethodologically, i.e., as a contextually-emergent social practice. I suggest two directions for future applications of this approach: first, an ethnomethodological approach to rhetorical analysis of unanalyzed use of the term “spontaneity” in research literature, and second, observational (...)
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  38.  11
    100 Years of Scientific Evolution of Work and Organizational Psychology: A Bibliometric Network Analysis From 1919 to 2019. [REVIEW]Michele K. Sott, Mariluza S. Bender, Leonardo B. Furstenau, Laura M. Machado, Manuel J. Cobo & Nicola L. Bragazzi - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    In this study, we explore a 100 years of Work and Organizational Psychology. To do this, we carry out a bibliometric performance and network analysis to understand the evolution structure and the most important themes in the field of study. To perform the BNPA, 8,966 documents published since 1919 were exported from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The SciMAT software was used to process data and to create the evolution structure, the strategic diagram, and the thematic network structure (...)
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  39. Creating a communication system from scratch: gesture beats vocalization hands down.Nicolas Fay, Casey J. Lister, T. Mark Ellison & Susan Goldin-Meadow - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
  40.  93
    What is the harm in harmful conception? On threshold harms in non-identity cases.Nicola J. Williams & John Harris - 2014 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 35 (5):337-351.
    Has the time come to put to bed the concept of a harm threshold when discussing the ethics of reproductive decision making and the legal limits that should be placed upon it? In this commentary, we defend the claim that there exist good moral reasons, despite the conclusions of the non-identity problem, based on the interests of those we might create, to refrain from bringing to birth individuals whose lives are often described in the philosophical literature as ‘less than worth (...)
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  41.  42
    Suspending Belief and Suspending Doubt: The Everyday and the Virtual in Practices of Factuality. [REVIEW]Nicolas J. Zaunbrecher - 2012 - Human Studies 35 (4):519-537.
    From an ethnomethodological perspective, this article describes social actors’ everyday and virtual stances in terms of their practices of provisional doubt and belief for the purpose of fact-establishment. Facts are iterated, reinforced, elaborated, and transformed via phenomenal practices configuring relations of equipment, interpretation, and method organized as “other” than, but relevant to, the everyday. Such practices in scientific research involve forms of suspended belief; in other areas they can instead involve forms of suspended doubt. As an illuminating example of this (...)
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  42. The Search after Truth and Elucidations of the Search after Truth.Nicolas Malebranche, Thomas M. Lennon & Paul J. Olscamp - 1982 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 33 (2):223-226.
     
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  43. Fine Motor Skills Predict Maths Ability Better than They Predict Reading Ability in the Early Primary School Years.Nicola J. Pitchford, Chiara Papini, Laura A. Outhwaite & Anthea Gulliford - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  44.  34
    Apriorisme et théorie du choix rationnel: arguments pour la défense de la position de l'École autrichienne.J. Nicolas Kaufmann - 1990 - Dialogue 29 (2):219-.
    Les représentants de l'École autrichienne sont ici mis sous la même bannière pour autant seulement qu'ils ont été unanimes à revendiquer pour les postulats de l'économie pure, les «lois exactes» de la théorie économique, c'est-à-dire de la théorie marginale de l'utilité, un statut particulier en ce sens qu'ils tenaient pour impossible, voire absurde ou simplement inutile de soumettre les postulats en cause à des tests empiriques. L'apriorisme dont ils se réclament, fait à juste titre la marque de commerce de l'École (...)
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  45.  18
    Deux fondements à l'éthique: l'intuition et la critique.J. Nicolas Kaufmann - 1985 - Dialogue 24 (2):265-282.
    Voici deux heureuses initiatives que nous devons à des universitaires canadiens qui n'en sont pas à leurs premiéres armes. Selon toute apparence la conception de ces anthologies ne découle pas d'une planification entre les deux auteurs. Pourtant elles se complètent remarquablement bien, et ce sur plus d'un plan.1) Leur complémentarité réside tout d'abord dans lechoix des problématiquesrespectives. Bien que les deux auteurs manifestent un même souci pour des problemès contemporains majeurs en matière d'ethique, ils ne se recoupent que quatre fois (...)
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  46. Biodiversity at Twenty-Five Years: Revolution Or Red Herring?Nicolae Morar, Ted Toadvine & Brendan J. M. Bohannan - 2015 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 18 (1):16-29.
    A quarter of a century ago, a group of scientists and conservationists introduced ‘biodiversity’ as a media buzzword with the explicit intent of galvanizing public and political support for environ...
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  47.  70
    Fractal response of physiological signals to stress conditions, environmental changes, and neurodegenerative diseases.Nicola Scafetta, Richard E. Moon & Bruce J. West - 2007 - Complexity 12 (5):12-17.
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  48.  11
    Analogies Without Commonalities? Evidence of Re-representation via Relational Category Activation.Nicolás Oberholzer, Máximo Trench, Kenneth J. Kurtz & Ricardo A. Minervino - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  49.  28
    Suffit-il d'agir rationnellement pour agir moralement?J. Nicolas Kaufmann - 1987 - Dialogue 26 (4):715-.
    L'histoire de la philosophie est marquée par de nombreuses tentatives pour soustraire la morale aux préceptes dictés par une croyance religieuse aveugle, l'arracher aux limbes des émotions, des intérêts égoïstes, des «nobles» sentiments ou des passions troubles de la volonté de puissance, la sortir du terrain où se disputent âprement les évidences intuitives, l'inscrire dans le règne de la raison. Il s'agit de tentatives en vue de fonder les obligations morales, l'éthique tout court, de manière rationnelle. Or, ces démarches peuvent (...)
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  50.  17
    Écueils des théories de la rationalité.J. Nicolas Kaufmann - 1999 - Dialogue 38 (4):801-826.
    Un grand nombre de problèmes dont traite aujourd'hui la théorie de la décision reposent sur des problématiques qui appartiennent à des approches philosophiques, méthodologiques et théoriques fort différentes et dont l'auteur deChoix rationnel et vie publiquedéplore à juste titre l'absence d'unité intrinsèque. En effet, les racines de la théorie contemporaine du choix rationnel ont des ramifications dans trois traditions philosophiques qui ont été maintenues sans entretenir de contacts: théories philosophiques de l'action d'Aristote à Hume, à Kant et à la philosophie (...)
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